What is Torsten Wiesel best known for?
Wiesel received a total of twenty scientific awards throughout his career, including his Nobel Prize in 1981 for his discovery of the critical period in visual system development as well as research on visual information processing by the visual cortex of the brain.
Why did Hubel and Wiesel won a Nobel Prize?
In 1981, Hubel and Wiesel received a Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their research on the development of the visual system.
Who discovered the visual cortex?
The precise map of the visual field contained in area V1 was discovered in the 1920s in patients with strokes and bullet wounds. The key properties of primary visual cortex were discovered by Hubel and Wiesel by recording electrical activity in experimental animals.
What did David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel do?
Hubel & Wiesel Come to Harvard Their breakthrough discoveries about the visual system and visual processing earned them the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1981. Hubel and Wiesel recorded electrical activity from individual neurons in the brains of cats.
What did Hubel and Wiesel discover quizlet?
Hubel and Wiesel discovered feature detector cells in the visual cortex that respond selectively to: lines at different orientations.
What did Hubel and Wiesel cat experiment?
Hubel and Wiesel recorded electrical activity from individual neurons in the brains of cats. They used a slide projector to show specific patterns to the cats and noted that specific patterns stimulated activity in specific parts of the brain.
When did Roger Sperry get the Nobel Prize?
1981
The 1981 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine was awarded to three neurobiologists: Roger Wolcott Sperry, Torsten Wiesel (1924-), and David Hubel (1926-).
What are ganglion cells?
Ganglion cells are the final output neurons of the vertebrate retina. Ganglion cells collect information about the visual world from bipolar cells and amacrine cells (retinal interneurons). This information is in the form of chemical messages sensed by receptors on the ganglion cell membrane.
What do V1 cells respond to?
Direction selectivity: Some V1 cells are also direction selective meaning that they respond strongly to oriented lines/bars/edges moving in a preferred direction (e.g., vertical lines moving to the right) but not at all in the opposite direction (e.g., vertical lines moving to the left).
What did Hubel and Wiesel discover?
What did David Hubel contribution to psychology?
David Hubel, who has died aged 87, was one of the greats of neuroscience. He discovered how individual brain cells convey the information that enables us to see the world, how these cells are organised in an exquisite crystalline structure and how they are moulded by experience in early life.
What did the work of David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel contribute to our understanding of feature detectors?
In all, their work revealed how visual cortical neurons encoded image features, the fundamental properties of objects that help us build our perception of the world around us.
What did Elie Wiesel do for Science?
From 2000 to 2009, Wiesel was secretary general of the Human Frontier Science Program, established in 1989 to support international, innovative, and interdisciplinary basic research in the life sciences. He was chairman of the board of governors of the New York Academy of Sciences from 2000 to 2006 and continues to serve as lifetime honorary chair.
How did Wiesel and Hubel study the visual cortex?
At Harvard, Wiesel and Hubel studied the visual cortex of the brain by monitoring the difference in activity between its cells. They questioned whether cortical cells, or the cells of the visual cortex, responded similarly to both eyes or whether they were dominated by one eye.
What experiments did Torsten Wiesel do with cats?
Torsten Nils Wiesel studied visual information processing and development in the US during the twentieth century. He performed multiple experiments on cats in which he sewed one of their eyes shut and monitored the response of the cat’s visual system after opening the sutured eye.