What is the structure of the B1 form of aflatoxin?

What is the structure of the B1 form of aflatoxin?

Aflatoxin B1 is an aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3′,2′:4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11. It has a role as a human metabolite and a carcinogenic agent. It is an aflatoxin, an aromatic ether and an aromatic ketone.

What is the structure of aflatoxin?

Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins produced by the fungus Aspergillus and are potent hepatotoxins and carcinogens in the liver. Structurally all aflatoxins contain a coumarin ring and an unsaturated lactone moiety.

What produces aflatoxin B1?

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is produced by the molds Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus which are able to contaminate food commodities.

What is aflatoxin B1 and B2?

Aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) are mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, which commonly contaminate a variety of animal food. Aflatoxins are proven to be mutagens, carcinogens and teratogens.

Is Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin?

The main fungi that produce aflatoxins are Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, which are abundant in warm and humid regions of the world. Aflatoxin-producing fungi can contaminate crops in the field, at harvest, and during storage.

What is the ld50 of aflatoxin?

The oral LD50 range of aflatoxin B1 is estimated to be 0.3-17.9 mg/kg body weight for most animal species.

What is the toxicity of aflatoxin b1?

Toxic effects of AFB1. AFB1 is well known to be hepatotoxic, causing degeneration and necrosis of the liver as well as proliferation of the bile duct and infiltration of inflammatory cells in many species.

How is aflatoxin m1 produced?

Aflatoxin M1 is produced in the liver of animals following ingestion of high levels of aflatoxin B1 (Fig. 2), and it may be excreted in the milk and urine of animals. Until now, nearly 20 different types of aflatoxins have been identified.

How is aflatoxin produced?

Aflatoxins are a family of toxins produced by certain fungi that are found on agricultural crops such as maize (corn), peanuts, cottonseed, and tree nuts. The main fungi that produce aflatoxins are Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, which are abundant in warm and humid regions of the world.

What is aflatoxin G1?

Aflatoxin G1 is one type of aflatoxins occuring in nature. It is produced by molds, such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxins are hepatogenic, teratogenic, imunosuppressive, and carcinogenic fungal metabolites found in feeds, nuts, wine-grapes, spices, and other grain crops.

What type of aflatoxin does Aspergillus flavus produce?

Major types and their metabolites Aflatoxin B1 is considered the most toxic and is produced by both Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus.

What is the molecular weight of aflatoxin B1?

Aflatoxin B1 PubChem CID 186907 Synonyms AFLATOXIN B1 1162-65-8 UNII-9N2N2Y55MH N Molecular Weight 312.27 Date s Modify 2021-07-03 Create 2004-09-16

What are the 4 types of aflatoxins?

Of the four major aflatoxins (B1, G1, B2, G2), B1 is the most potent and most common. Whenever they occur as food contaminants, aflatoxin B1 always is present. The other major aflatoxins have not been reported in the absence of B1.

What is alflatoxin B1?

Aflatoxin B1 is a member of a group of mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Alflatoxin B1 is the most hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic of the aflatoxins and occurs as a contaminant in a variety of foods.

What is the LD50 of aflatoxin B1 in rats?

The oral LD 50 range of aflatoxin B 1 is estimated to be 0.3-17.9 mg/kg body weight for most animal species. For instance, the oral LD 50 of aflatoxin B 1 is estimated to be 17.9 mg/kg body weight in female rats and 7.2 mg/kg body weight in male rats.