How does glycosylation play an important role in human diseases?
In fact, changes in glycosylation can modulate inflammatory responses, enable viral immune escape, promote cancer cell metastasis or regulate apoptosis; the composition of the glycome also affects kidney function in health and disease.
What is the effect of glycosylation?
Glycosylation is an effective way of generating diversity in proteins and modulating their properties due to the inherent structural variations of glycans.
Is glycosylation reversible?
Unlike traditional N-linked glycosylation of extracellular proteins, O-GlcNAcylation is dynamic, reversible, and responsive to extracellular stimuli (4).
How do you test for glycosylation?
For detection of glycosylated proteins, two types of methods are generally used: staining and affinity-based methods.
- 2.1. Staining Procedures. A basic, simple method to determine whether a protein is glycosylated is to resolve it on SDS-PAGE and to stain the gel for glycoproteins.
- 2.1. Affinity-Based Procedures.
What are the 5 diseases of the circulatory system?
Diseases that can affect the circulatory system include:
- Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a hardening of the arteries.
- Heart attack.
- Mitral valve prolapse.
- Mitral valve regurgitation.
- Mitral stenosis.
- Angina pectoris.
- Arrhythmia and dysrhythmia.
- Cardiac Ischemia.
What are congenital disorders of glycosylation?
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of inherited metabolic disorders that affect a process called glycosylation. Glycosylation is the complex process by which all human cells build long sugar chains that are attached to proteins, which are called glycoproteins.
How does glycosylation affect the body?
Glycosylation can impact how cells communicate, respond to their environment, grow and function. Because glycosylation regulates a wide range of activities in cells throughout the body, defects in glycosylation can cause extensive and severe symptoms.
Is N-glycosylation of human immunoglobulin G associated with autoimmune diseases?
Lauc, G. et al. Loci associated with N -glycosylation of human immunoglobulin G show pleiotropy with autoimmune diseases and haematological cancers. PLOS Genet. 9, e1003225 (2013).
What are the treatment options for glycosylation disorders?
If a clinician suspects a patient may have a glycosylation defect, they may analyze protein samples to measure sugars and look for deficiencies or abnormalities. People who have glycosylation disorders with immunodeficiency may receive therapies commonly used to treat infections, allergies, and skin problems.