How does barbiturate overdose result in respiratory acidosis?

Barbiturates depress the activity of all excitable tissue by enhancing the activity of the inhibitory GABAA receptor. Cells in the central nervous system are particularly sensitive to barbiturate depression, and barbiturate overdose impairs respiration, leading to a respiratory acidosis.

Can drug overdose cause respiratory alkalosis?

Salicylate Toxicity. Salicylate overdose causes a high anion gap metabolic acidosis in both children and adults. Adults commonly develop a mixed acid-base disorder as a respiratory alkalosis due to direct respiratory centre stimulation occurs as well. This second disorder is uncommon in children.

Does narcotic overdose cause respiratory acidosis or alkalosis?

Opioid abuse, toxicity, and overdose are potential etiologies of hypoventilation and respiratory acidosis. Opioid antagonists can be used to reverse the effects of opiates and to improve ventilation.

What drugs cause respiratory alkalosis?

Iatrogenic causes of respiratory alkalosis include medications like progesterone, methylxanthines (e.g., theophylline), salicylates (also cause primary metabolic acidosis), catecholamines and nicotine as well as excessive minute ventilation provided by mechanical ventilation (especially in chronic obstructive pulmonary …

Can an overdose cause acidosis?

Overdose with salicylates in children commonly produces high anion gap acidosis, while adults exhibit a mixed respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis.

What drugs cause respiratory acidosis?

Medicines that suppress breathing, including powerful pain medicines, such as narcotics (opioids), and “downers,” such as benzodiazepines, often when combined with alcohol. Severe obesity, which restricts how much the lungs can expand.

What are the causes of respiratory alkalosis?

Respiratory alkalosis is usually caused by over-breathing (called hyperventilation) that occurs when you breathe very deeply or rapidly….Causes of hyperventilation include:

• Anxiety or panic.
• Fever.
• Pregnancy (this is normal).
• Pain.
• Tumor.
• Trauma.
• Severe anemia.
• Liver disease.

How does drug overdose cause respiratory failure?

Drugs may acutely precipitate respiratory failure by compromising respiratory pump function and/or by causing pulmonary pathology. Polysubstance overdoses are common, and clinicians should anticipate complications related to multiple drugs.

What is the most common cause of respiratory alkalosis?

Respiratory alkalosis is usually caused by over-breathing (called hyperventilation) that occurs when you breathe very deeply or rapidly. Causes of hyperventilation include: Anxiety or panic. Fever.

What is the difference between respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis?

Summary: Difference Between Respiratory Acidosis and Respiratory Alkalosis is that Respiratory acidosis is the acidosis that is caused by alveolar hypoventilation. While Respiratory alkalosis is the alkalosis that is caused by alveolar hyperventilation.

Can You overdose on barbiturates?

Barbiturate overdose can be intentional or unintentional. Decreased use of this controlled substance has led to a decrease in barbiturate-related fatalities. However, this medication should still be considered in cases of suspected overdose in patients with respiratory depression.

What is the mortality and morbidity associated with barbiturate toxicity?

Mortality rates associated with barbiturate toxicity are less than 2%. However, the management of the patient is usually in the ICU with very close monitoring. The key to preventing morbidity and mortality from barbiturate overdose is patient education.

Does hypoventilation cause acidosis?

Only hypoventilation will. The only cause of respiratory acidosis is alveolar hypoventilation, which causes global respiratory failure ,. We’ll repeat some causes here. Not all of these warrant an explanation, but some of them do. CNS disturbances damage or depress the respiratory centre, which decreases the respiratory drive.