What happens if the endothelial lining is damaged?
Endothelial cells lining the inner surface of blood vessels form a single layer of cells called the endothelium, which controls exchange of materials between blood and tissues. When endothelial cells become damaged this can lead to the development of vessel diseases.
What causes damage to the endothelial lining?
Endothelial dysfunction is likely to result from endothelial cell injury triggered via a number of different mechanisms, including the following [2]: bacterial or viral infection; oxidative stress through abnormal regulation of reactive oxygen species, hypoxia, turbulent blood flow and shear stress; environmental …
What increases the risk of endothelial damage?
Smoking causes endothelial dysfunction, and passive smoking is associated with dose-related impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation in healthy young adults, suggesting early arterial damage (Hung et al 1995).
Does nicotine damage endothelial cells?
Acute and chronic administration of nicotine impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation and produces morphological abnormalities of endothelium[7, 50]. Endothelial dysfunction represents a key step in the initiation and maintenance of atherosclerosis and may be a marker for further risk of cardiovascular diseases.
How do you reverse endothelial damage?
“Simple removal of ‘healthy’ lectin-containing foods, and taking a few inexpensive supplements, may restore endothelial function to normal, which in turn can reverse high blood pressure, diabetes and obesity,” Steven R.
Does caffeine damage endothelial cells?
Both coffee ingestion and caffeine ingestion augment or improve endothelial function and diminish or impair endothelial function via the balances between vasodilation and vasoconstriction, anti-thrombosis and pro-thrombosis, anti-inflammation and pro-inflammation, and anti-oxidation and pro-oxidation.
Can endothelial damage be repaired?
Following endothelial death, the neighboring mature endothelial cells actively proliferate and migrate to heal the wound. However, stem cell repairing may be needed if endothelial damage is severe.
Can you reverse endothelial damage?
The recent demonstration that endothelial dysfunction may be reversible raises the possibility of slowing the progression of atherosclerosis or modifying arterial function, or both, to decrease the risk of acute cardiovascular events.
What causes endothelial damage in preeclampsia?
Placental hypoxia is thought to be a key player stimulating factors that act upon that maternal endothelium and thereby contribute to the maternal endothelial dysfunction associated with preeclampsia.
How do you improve endothelial dysfunction?
Nutrients, such as fish oil, antioxidants, L-arginine, folic acid and soy protein have shown an improvement in endothelial function that can mediate, at least partially, the cardioprotective effects of these substances.
Does nicotine cause arteriosclerosis?
In addition to its role as the habituating agent in tobacco, nicotine also accelerates vascular disease. By inducing the release of catecholamines, nicotine increases heart rate and blood pressure. These adverse hemodynamic effects are associated with progression of atherosclerosis.
What is vascular endothelial dysfunction?
Endothelial dysfunction is a type of non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in which there are no heart artery blockages, but the large blood vessels on the heart’s surface constrict (narrow) instead of dilating (opening). This condition tends to affect more women than men and causes chronic chest pain.