Is acyclovir a purine nucleoside?
Acyclovir, a synthetic purine nucleoside analog, was the first antiviral agent approved by the FDA for treatment of mucocutaneous HSV infection.
Is acyclovir a purine analog?
Acyclovir, an acrylic purine nucleoside analog, is a highly potent inhibitor of herpes simplex virus (HSV), types 1 and 2, and varicella zoster virus, and has extremely low toxicity for the normal host cells.
What do purine analogs do?
Purine analogues are the second most frequently used cytotoxic agents in the treatment of FL. As antimetabolites which mimic physiological nucleosides, they are incorporated into newly synthesized DNA, eventually causing cell death by apoptosis.
Why acyclovir is less toxic to normal human cells?
Activation of acyclovir to form the nucleoside triphosphate is dependent upon a promiscuous viral thymidine kinase; the low toxicity of acyclovir is due to the activation of acyclovir only in infected cells and the low inhibition of cellular replication (19).
What do nucleoside analogs do?
The nucleoside analogues resemble naturally occurring nucleosides and act by causing termination of the nascent DNA chain. These agents are generally safe and well tolerated as they are used by the viral, but not human polymerases in DNA replication.
What are guanine analogues?
Several guanosine analogues, i.e. acyclovir (and its oral prodrug valaciclovir), penciclovir (in its oral prodrug form, famciclovir) and ganciclovir, are widely used for the treatment of herpesvirus (i.e. HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV and HCMV) infections.
Are there any purine nucleoside analogs that are anti-viral?
Three purine nucleoside analogues, penciclovir (PCV), acyclovir (ACV) and ganciclovir (GCV), were assessed for in-vivo genotoxicity in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay, together with the xanthine (purine) analogue, caffeine (CAF). All these compounds exhibit anti-viral properties and the fir …
What is a purine analogue antineoplastic?
A purine analogue antineoplastic agent used for the induction of remission, and for remission consolidation in patients with acute nonlymphocytic anemias. A purine nucleoside used to treat relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia in patients 1 to 21 years old.
Which purine analogs are used in the treatment of acute leukemias?
Numerous reports on the use of purine analogues in the treatment of acute leukemias (thiopurines, pentostatin), as antiviral (acyclovir, penciclovir, ganciclovir), as immunosuppressive (azathioprine), as antitumor (vidarabine), as bronchodilator (theophylline) have been revealed.
What is a purine antimetabolite?
A purine antimetabolite used for the management of relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), used in patients who have not responded to or who were unable to tolerate alternative MS drugs. A purine analogue antineoplastic agent used for the induction of remission, and for remission consolidation in patients with acute nonlymphocytic anemias.