Which type of cell death is induced by chemotherapy?
This type of cell death has been termed immunogenic cell death (ICD) and was initially characterized in the context of anti-cancer chemotherapy [6].
What is immune mediated cell death?
Main topics. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is defined by chronic exposure of damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in the tumour microenvironment (TME), which stimulates the dysfunctional antitumour immune system. The induction of ICD contributes to long‐lasting protective antitumour immunity.
Does chemotherapy activate apoptosis?
Apoptosis has been considered a major mechanism of chemotherapy-induced cell death, and pathways regulating apoptosis are the focus of many preclinical drug discovery investigations.
How does chemotherapy affect immunity?
Certain cancer treatments (such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, stem cell or bone marrow transplant, or steroids) or the cancer itself can suppress or weaken the immune system. These treatments can lower the number of white blood cells (WBCs) and other immune system cells.
Does chemotherapy cause necrosis?
Chemo drugs often kill cancer cells via necrosis, resulting in release of cell debris and various immunogenic components to stimulate immune functions and inflammatory response of the patient, which in turn will elicit cancer cell specific killing.
Why would a cell self destruct?
The human body is constantly shedding old or damaged cells, so that new cells may take their place. This natural process of cellular self-destruction (called “apoptosis” from an ancient Greek word meaning “falling off”) is hard-wired into cells.
Why does chemotherapy cause immunosuppression?
As chemotherapy medicines damage the bone marrow, the marrow is less able to produce enough red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Typically, the greatest impact is on white blood cells. When you don’t have enough white blood cells, your body is more vulnerable to infection.
Are chemo patients immunocompromised?
Patients experience a wide spectrum of immunosuppression with cancer treatment. Some patients have very little if any immunosuppression, while others can have a compromised immune system for weeks or even longer.