How would you describe a Physeal fracture?
Growth plate (physeal) fractures may be defined as disruptions in the cartilaginous physis of long bones that may or may not involve epiphyseal or metaphyseal bone.
What is the other name for Physeal fracture?
A Salter–Harris fracture is a fracture that involves the epiphyseal plate or growth plate of a bone, specifically the zone of provisional calcification. It is thus a form of child bone fracture….Salter–Harris fracture.
Salter–Harris fractures | |
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Other names | Growth plate fracture |
What is a physeal injury?
It is a combination of a horizontal fracture line through the physis and a vertical fracture line which runs from the growth plate through the epiphysis to the articular surface. Displaced injuries may result in a physeal bar, leading to growth disturbance and joint incongruity, leading to arthritis.
What do you call the fracture through the metaphysis and physics?
Salter II (Above) These are when the fracture extends through both the physis and metaphysis. These are most common and occur away from the joint space. When the small corner of the metaphysis is visible, this is known as a corner sign or Thurston-Holland fragment.
Is a metaphyseal fracture the same as an physeal fracture?
Metaphyseal fractures are fractures that involve the metaphysis of tubular bones. They may occur in pediatric or adult patients. Not all metaphyseal fractures intersect the physis. Even if a fracture does extend to the physis, it does not make it a Salter-Harris fracture.
Is metaphysis and physeal the same?
The long bone in a child is divided into four regions: the diaphysis (shaft or primary ossification centre), metaphysis (where the bone flares), physis (or growth plate) and the epiphysis (secondary ossification centre).
What are some possible outcomes of the epiphyseal plate has been damaged?
If a fracture goes through a growth plate, it can result in a shorter or crooked limb. A growth plate fracture affects the layer of growing tissue near the ends of a child’s bones. Growth plates are the softest and weakest sections of the skeleton — sometimes even weaker than surrounding ligaments and tendons.
What are the treatment options for physeal bridge resection?
Physeal bridge resection has become an accepted treatment option for patients with existing or developing deformity and for those with at least 2 years or 2 cm of growth remaining. Current experimental research is focused on the use of gene therapy and other factors that enhance chondrocyte proliferation to improve the management of growth arrest.
When is lower extremity physeal arrest resection indicated?
Lower extremity physeal arrest resection should be considered in patients with an anticipated growth remaining from the affected physis of about 2 years or 2 cm. Pure length discrepancy in the upper extremity caused by a physeal bar in the proximal humerus causes little functional problem, and anticipated discrepancy of up to 5 cm may be observed.
What are the treatment options for physeal bar dysplasia?
Physeal bar mapping can aid in management. Resection of the bar is considered if <50% of physis is involved. During surgery a cortical window is created through which the surgeon can resect the bar, further fat or tissue is interposed at the operative site to prevent the bar from forming again.
What is the pathophysiology of partial physeal bar formation?
Less common pathogenesis for partial physeal bar formation may occur when the germinal or proliferating cells on the epiphyseal side of the physeal plate are injured by ischemia, infection, heat, laser, electricity, or other insult.